Subjuntivo+vs.+Indicativo

- In general, the __Indicative__ mood is __objective and certain__.

 * It is used to talk about actions, events, or states that are believed to be facts or true.
 * It is very typical in speech for making factual statements or describing obvious qualities of a person or situation.

- In general, the __subjunctive__ mood is s__ubjective and possible (but not certain)__.
//(Victoria studies Spanish.)// || This states an objective fact that Victoria studies Spanish. || Dudo que Victoria estudie español. //(I doubt that Victoria studies Spanish.)// || The introduction of doubt makes it impossible to present the statement that Victoria studies Spanish as an objective fact. || //(It is certain that Victoria studies Spanish.)// || From the viewpoint of the speaker, the statement that Victoria studies Spanish is an objective fact. || Es posible que Victoria estudie español. //(It is possible that Victoria studies Spanish.)// || From the viewpoint of the speaker, the idea that "Victoria studies Spanish" is not an objective fact, but a hypothetical situation which may or may not be true. || //(I don’t doubt that Victoria studies Spanish.)// || The lack of doubt on the part of the speaker allows him to present this statement as an objective fact. || Es bueno que Victoria estudie español. //(It is good that Victoria studies Spanish.)// || Es bueno que expresses the speaker’s subjective opinion about Victoria studying Spanish. ||
 * It is used to talk about doubts, wishes, the abstract, emotions, and other unknown and non-factual situations.
 * It is commonly used in making recommendations, giving commands, and talking about how things make you feel.
 * It is also used to express opinions about another action.
 * **Indicative** || **Reason** || **Subjunctive** || **Reason** ||
 * Victoria estudia español.
 * Es cierto que Victoria estudia español.
 * No dudo que Victoria estudia español.

Words or Phrases that Indicate the Subjunctive or Indicative
Because there must be some uncertainty or subjectivity to warrant the use of the subjunctive, __you will find either uncertainty or certainty in the verb in the main clause of a sentence__. It is very helpful if you can recognize the verbs and phrases in the main clause that indicate the subjunctive and tell them apart from similar clauses that warrant the indicative.

Luckily, many of the verbs and phrases that require the __subjunctive__ fit into the acronym **WEIRDO**: **[|W]**[|ishes], **[|E]**[|motions], **[|I]**[|mpersonal expressions], **[|R]**[|ecommendations], **[|D]**[|oubt/Denial], and **[|O]**[|jalá]. Each of these concepts has its own article for more details.
 * **Concept** || **Related Verbs & Phrases** ||
 * **Wishes** || //desear, esperar, exigir, insistir, preferir, querer, pedir, necesitar, etc.// ||
 * **Emotions** || //alegrarse, enojar, sentir, encantar, lamentar, sorprender, etc.// ||
 * **Impersonal expressions** || //es extraño que, es importante que, es fantástico que, etc.// ||
 * **Recommendations** || //recomendar, sugerir, aconsejar, ordenar, mandar, insistir, etc.// ||
 * **Doubt and Denial** || //dudar, no creer, no estar seguro, no parecer, no comprender, no pensar, no es cierto que, etc.// ||
 * **Ojalá** || //n/a// ||

And just to be fair to the __indicative__, we have an acronym for that too: **SPOCK**: **S**peech and communication, **P**erceptions, **O**ccurrences and events, **C**ertainty, and **K**nowledge and understanding.
 * **Concept** || **Related Verbs** ||
 * **Speech and communication** || //Decir, describir, gritar, indicar, mencionar, repetir, revelar, señalar, asegurar, comentar, afirmar, aludir a, etc.// ||
 * **Perceptions** || //Notar, observar, oír, percibir, encontrarse, ver, etc.// ||
 * **Occurrences and events** || //Ocurrir, suceder, pasar, acontecer, etc.// ||
 * **Certainty** || //es claro que, es seguro que, es cierto que, es obvio que, no es posible que, es evidente que, etc.// ||
 * **Knowledge and understanding** || //Creer, saber, averiguar, leer, enterarse de, aprender, etc.// ||

Parts of a Subjunctive Phrase
There are three main parts to a subjunctive sentence:

There will be one subject in the main/independent clause, and one in the noun/dependent clause.
 * 1. Two Different Subjects**
 * Quier**o** que limpie**s** el baño. //(**I** want **you** to clean the bathroom.)//

There will be one indicative verb in the main/independent clause which will indicate the need for the Subjunctive (a WEIRDO verb - see above) and a second verb in the noun/dependent clause which will be in the Subjunctive. > However, if you find a sentence with a main clause followed by a second clause and the verb in the main clause introduces the idea of certainty or objectivity, you will use the indicative. Only verbs in the main clause that indicate a concept that is uncertain and subjective will require the subjunctive. This pronoun links the two clauses and can translate to mean “that,” but is often not translated at all into English.
 * 2. Two Verbs: One WEIRDO and One Subjunctive**
 * **Quiero** que tú **limpies** el baño. //(I **want** you to **clean** the bathroom.)//
 * **Es cierto** que limpias el baño. //(It is true that you are cleaning the bathroom.)//
 * 3. A Relative Pronoun (Que, Quien, Como)**
 * Quiero **que** limpies el baño. //(I want (that) you clean the bathroom./I want you to clean the bathroom.)//